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OVERVIEW

What is tinea?

Tinea is a fungus that can grow on your skin, hair or nails. As it grows, it spreads out in a circle, leaving normal-looking skin in the middle. This makes it look like a ring. At the edge of the ring, the skin is lifted up by the irritation and looks red and scaly. To some people, the infection looks like a worm is under the skin. Because of the way it looks, tinea infection is often called “ringworm.” However, there really isn’t a worm under the skin.

SYMPTOMS

What areas of the body are affected by tinea infections?

Tinea infections are named for the part of the body they infect. Tinea corporis is a fungal infection of the skin on the body. (“Corporis” is the Latin word for body.) If you have this infection, you may see small, red spots that grow into large rings almost anywhere on your arms, legs or chest. The rash may also itch.

Tinea pedis is usually called “athlete’s foot.” (“Pedis” is the Latin word for foot.) The moist skin between your toes is a perfect place for a fungus to grow. The skin may become itchy and red, with blisters and cracking of the skin. The infection may also spread to the toenails. (This is called tinea unguium — “unguium” comes from the Latin word for nail.) Here it causes the toenails to become thick and crumbly. It can also spread to your hands and fingernails.

When a fungus grows in the moist, warm area of the groin, the rash is called tinea cruris. (“Cruris” comes from the Latin word for leg.) The common name for this infection is “jock itch.” The rash can be itchy and painful. Tinea cruris generally occurs in men, especially if they often wear athletic equipment.

Tinea capitis, which is called “ringworm,” causes itchy, red areas, usually on the head. (“Capitis” comes from the Latin for head.) The hair is destroyed, leaving bald patches. This tinea infection is most common in children.

CAUSES & RISK FACTORS

How did I get a fungal infection?

You can get a fungal infection by touching a person who has one. Some kinds of fungi live on damp surfaces, like the floors in public showers or locker rooms. You can easily pick up a fungus there. You can even catch a fungal infection from your pets. Dogs, cats and farm animals can be infected with a fungus. Often this infection looks like a patch of skin where fur is missing.

DIAGNOSIS & TESTS

How do I know if I have a fungal infection?

The best way to know for sure is to ask your healthcare provider. Other skin problems can look similar to a fungal infection but require very different treatments. To find out exactly what is causing your rash, your healthcare provider may scrape a small amount of the irritated skin onto a glass slide (or clip off a piece of nail or hair). Then he or she will look at the skin, nail or hair under a microscope. After doing this, your healthcare provider will usually be able to tell whether your skin problem is caused by a fungus.

Sometimes a piece of your skin, hair or nail will be sent to a lab to grow the fungus in a test tube. This is another way the lab can tell if your skin problem is caused by a fungus. They can also find out the exact type of fungus. This process takes a while because a fungus grows slowly.

TREATMENT

How do I get rid of a tinea infection?

Once your healthcare provider decides that you have a tinea infection, antifungal medicine can be used to treat it. You may only need to put an antifungal cream on the rash for a few weeks. This is especially true for jock itch.

It can be harder to get rid of fungal infections on other parts of the body. Sometimes you have to take an antifungal medicine by mouth. This medicine usually has to be taken for a long time, maybe even for months. Irritated skin takes time to heal. New hair or nails will have to grow back.

Some medicines can have unpleasant effects on the rest of your body, especially if you’re also taking other medicines. There are some newer medicines that seem to work better with fewer side effects. Talk with your healthcare provider about which medicine is right for you.

COMPLICATIONS

Can tinea cause serious illness?

A fungus rarely spreads below the surface of the body to cause serious illness. Your body usually prevents this. However, people who have weak immune systems, such as people who have HIV or AIDS, may have a hard time getting rid of a fungal infection.

Tinea infections usually don’t leave scars after the fungus is gone. Sometimes, people don’t even realize they have a fungal infection and get better without any treatment.

PREVENTION

What can I do to prevent tinea infections?

Keeping your skin clean and dry is your best defense. However, you’re also less likely to get a tinea infection if you do the following things:

• When you’re at home, take your shoes off and expose your feet to the air.
• Change your socks and underwear every day, especially in warm weather.
• Dry your feet carefully (especially between the toes) after using a locker room or public shower.
• Avoid walking barefoot in public areas. Instead, wear flip-flops, sandals or water shoes.
• Don’t wear thick clothing for long periods of time in warm weather. It will make you sweat more, which can encourage the growth of fungal infections.
• Throw away worn-out exercise shoes. Never borrow other people’s shoes.
• Don’t let other people use your towels or wear your clothing. Don’t borrow these items from others.
• Check your pets for areas of hair loss. Ask your veterinarian to check them, also. It’s important to check pets carefully, because if you don’t find out whether they’re causing your fungal infection, you may get it again from them, even after treatment.
• Make sure shared exercise equipment (such as a treadmill at your gym) is clean before you use it.

QUESTIONS TO ASK YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER

• How did I get the infection?
• What is the best treatment for me?
• Will I have to use an ointment?
• How can I avoid getting more tinea infections?
• My child has to take showers after gym class. How can I keep him/her from getting tinea infections?
• If I have cracks in my skin, should I use a topical antibiotic ointment?
• Once I’m treated for ringworm, will my hair grow back?
• I have ringworm. Should I wash my sheets and towels every day?

FOR MORE INFORMATION

Veterans Affairs Canada website at:
http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/services/health/promotion/footcare#care
http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/services/health/promotion/footcare#problems

Diabetes Canada website at:
http://www.diabetes.ca/diabetes-and-you/healthy-living-resources/foot-care/a-step-towards-good-health
http://www.diabetes.ca/diabetes-and-you/healthy-living-resources/foot-care/signs-of-foot-problems

Sources

Diagnosis and Management of Common Tinea Infections by SL Noble, Pharm.D., RC Forbes, M.D. and PL Stamm, Pharm.D.

(07/01/98, http://www.aafp.org/afp/980700ap/noble.html )