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OVERVIEW

What is rickets?

Rickets is a disorder that affects the bones, causing them to soften and break easily. It is most common in children.

SYMPTOMS

What are the symptoms of rickets?

Rickets has several main symptoms, including:

• delayed growth
• muscle weakness
• pain in the bones of the spine, pelvis and legs
• bowed (curved) or misshapen legs

Rickets also can cause dental issues, such as cavities and problems with teeth structure

CAUSES & RISK FACTORS

What causes rickets?

A lack of vitamin D causes most cases of rickets, but this disorder can also run in families. Vitamin D helps the bones absorb calcium and phosphorus from food. When your child does not get enough vitamin D, their bones do not get the necessary nutrients that make bones strong.

Rickets is most common in children ages 6 to 24 months. This is because their bones grow rapidly during this period. Your child also may be at risk if they:

• Have dark skin
• Don’t get moderate exposure to sunlight
• Don’t eat enough foods containing vitamin D, calcium or phosphorus
• Breastfeed without a vitamin D supplement
• Have an illness that prevents their body from making or absorbing vitamin D. One example is celiac disease.

This condition also can run in families, and children can inherit it.

DIAGNOSIS & TESTS

How is rickets diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will ask about your family health history and your child’s health and diet. Your child will need a full physical exam. Blood tests and X-rays of the arms or legs can also help your healthcare provider determine if your child has rickets.

PREVENTION

Can rickets be prevented or avoided?

In most cases, you can help prevent your child from having rickets.  Be sure your child gets enough vitamin D and calcium. If you breastfeed your baby, they need a vitamin D supplement. This is because human milk does not have enough vitamin D alone. Do not give your child vitamin supplements unless they are recommended by your healthcare provider.

 If your child eats solid foods, you should manage their diet. Offer them foods high in vitamin D, such as breakfast cereals and orange juice, and calcium such as milk, cheese, and salad greens.

Your healthcare provider can tell you about how much time in the sun is safe for your child. Remember that infants and babies should be protected from direct sunlight.

TREATMENT

How is rickets treated?

Treatment depends on the type of rickets your child has. For children who lack enough nutrients, the doctor will prescribe supplements for vitamin D and calcium. Your child’s pain and muscle weakness should get better within a few weeks of treatment. If your child has bone deformities caused by rickets, they may need braces or surgery to correct the problem.      

If your child has inherited rickets or has an illness causing the problem, you may need to see a healthcare provider who specializes in rickets.